French 20 Francs Gold Coin, Napoleon III (Bare Head), 1853-1860
Coin (Bullion and Numismatic) · Yellow Gold. The 10% copper alloy typically gives these historic French coins a slightly warm or orange-yellow hue compared to pure 24K gold.
Purity: 21.6K / 90% Fineness (0.900 pure gold). It contains 90% gold and 10% copper alloy for durability.
Type
Coin (Bullion and Numismatic)
Purity
21.6K / 90% Fineness (0.900 pure gold). It contains 90% gold and 10% copper alloy for durability.
Gold Type
Yellow Gold. The 10% copper alloy typically gives these historic French coins a slightly warm or orange-yellow hue compared to pure 24K gold.
Weight
6.45 grams total weight. The actual gold weight (AGW) is 0.1867 troy ounces (5.806 grams of pure gold).
Description
A historic pillar of European commerce, this 20 Francs gold coin features the profile of Napoleon III. Known as a 'Napoléon,' these coins were the backbone of the Latin Monetary Union. The obverse depicts the Emperor in a dignified bare-headed profile, facing left. It is a favorite among 'fractional gold' investors who appreciate the blend of low premiums and rich 19th-century European history.
Key Features
Bare-headed portrait of Napoleon III, 'A' mint mark for Paris, designer name 'BARRE' below the neckline, and the distinct beaded border.
Color & Finish
Classic mid-yellow gold with a historic patina. The surface shows a circulated matte finish with significant handling wear and some dark toning/oxidation in the recessed areas (beaded border and lettering).
Hallmarks & Stamps
Obverse reads 'NAPOLEON III EMPEREUR'. Below the bust is the designer mark 'BARRE' (Désiré-Albert Barre). The 'A' mint mark indicates the Paris Mint. The reverse (not shown) would feature '20 FRANCS' and the date.
Dimensions Estimate
Diameter of 21 mm; Thickness of 1.3 mm. This is a standard LMU (Latin Monetary Union) size specification.
Gemstones & Inlays
None. This is a solid gold bullion coin.
Clasp & Closure
Reeded edge (milled). The edge features vertical ridges to prevent 'clipping' or shaving gold off the circumference, a common historical security measure.
Chain & Links
Solid coin construction with a reeded edge. The rim is protected by a beaded border (denticles) which is visible internally along the edge of the obverse.
Craftsmanship Details
Struck using heavy industrial steam-powered coin presses. The detail in the hair and the precision of the reeded edge demonstrate the high-tech minting capabilities of 19th-century France.
Authentication Indicators
The 'A' mint mark and 'BARRE' signature are correctly positioned. The letter spacing and font style match known dies. However, the greyish surface tone in the image looks atypical for gold; if the item is not yellow in person, it may be a contemporary counterfeit or a silver-plated base metal replica.
Origin & Maker
France, struck at the Paris Mint ('A' mint mark). Designed by the Chief Engraver of the Paris Mint, Désiré-Albert Barre.
Era & Period
Second French Empire (Napoleonic Era). This 'Bare Head' design was issued between 1853 and 1860 before the transition to the 'Laureate Head' design.
Age Estimate
Produced between 1853 and 1860; approximately 164 to 171 years old.
Cultural Significance
Represented the economic stability of the Second French Empire. These coins were used across borders in Europe during the Latin Monetary Union, a precursor to the modern Eurozone concept.
Condition Notes
Very Good (VG) to Fine (F) circulated condition. Notable surface wear across the high points of the hair and cheek. Significant scratches and small contact marks on the field. Tarnish/toning present.
Value Estimate
Primarily driven by melt value (approx. $430-$470 USD based on current spot prices) with a small numismatic premium of 5-10% depending on the specific date and mint state.
Care & Maintenance
Do not clean or polish numismatic coins as it destroys collector value. Store in a PVC-free plastic flip or capsule to prevent further scratching and environmental toning.
Similar Items
20 Francs 'Ceres' type, 20 Francs 'Genius' (Lucky Angel), Swiss 20 Francs Vreneli, and British Half Sovereigns.
Interesting Facts
Napoleon III was the nephew of Napoleon I. These 20 Franc coins were so widely used that 'Napoléon' became a generic term for any 20 Franc gold piece in France, regardless of the ruler depicted.