French 20 Francs Gold Coin - Napoleon III (Bare Head)
Coin (Numismatic and Bullion) · Yellow Gold (Classic French coinage alloy with copper for a slightly warm/reddish tint).
Purity: 21.6K (900/1000 Fineness). Contains 90% pure gold and 10% copper for durability.
Type
Coin (Numismatic and Bullion)
Purity
21.6K (900/1000 Fineness). Contains 90% pure gold and 10% copper for durability.
Gold Type
Yellow Gold (Classic French coinage alloy with copper for a slightly warm/reddish tint).
Weight
6.45 grams (Total weight), 0.1867 troy oz (Actual Gold Weight/AGW).
Description
An iconic example of 19th-century European currency, this 20 Franc gold coin features the left-facing profile of Napoleon III. Known as a 'Napoléon,' it served as a cornerstone of the Latin Monetary Union. The bare-headed portrait represents the earlier years of his reign, preceding his military victories and the subsequent 'laureated' coinage design. It is a favorite among both bullion investors for its liquidity and numismatists for its historical weight.
Key Features
Portrait of Napoleon III without laurel wreath; distinct 'BARRE' engraver mark; high relief typical of mid-19th century French minting.
Color & Finish
Soft matte luster with a rich, historic yellow-gold hue. Shows typical circulatory wear and minor surface patina/toning in protected areas of the legend.
Hallmarks & Stamps
Obverse: 'NAPOLEON III EMPEREUR' with engraver 'BARRE' below the bust. Reverse (implied): 'EMPIRE FRANCAIS' with denomination and date. Edge: Incuse lettering 'DIEU PROTEGE LA FRANCE'.
Dimensions Estimate
21.0 mm (Diameter) and approximately 1.3 mm (Thickness).
Gemstones & Inlays
None. Standard struck coinage.
Clasp & Closure
Reeded or Lettered Edge (standard for French 20 Francs of this era).
Chain & Links
Not applicable; circular planchet with reeded/lettered edge detail.
Craftsmanship Details
Struck using high-pressure steam-powered presses in a steel die. The level of anatomical detail in the hair and beard profile demonstrates the high standards of the Paris Mint under the direction of the Barre family.
Authentication Indicators
Correct font style for 'NAPOLEON III', accurate profile characteristic of Jean-Jacques Barre’s work, and appropriate surface texture for 90% gold. Red flag: Color in image appears slightly grey/silver due to lighting; must verify weight/gravity to ensure it is not a plated lead or brass replica.
Origin & Maker
Mint of Paris (or other French branch mints like Strasbourg/Lyon), designed by Jean-Jacques Barre.
Era & Period
Second French Empire (specifically the 'Bare Head' period of Napoleon III, 1852–1860).
Age Estimate
Circa 1852-1860 (based on the bare head portrait before the 1861 transition to the laureated head).
Cultural Significance
A symbol of the economic stability of the Second French Empire and a testament to the influence of the Bonaparte dynasty on European finance.
Condition Notes
Very Good (VG) to Fine (F). Significant surface wear on the high points of the hair and beard. Visible scratches and a duller luster suggest a history of circulation. No major rim dings visible.
Value Estimate
Primarily determined by the current spot price of gold (~$430-$470 USD melt value) plus a numismatic premium of 5-10% depending on exact date and mint mark.
Care & Maintenance
Do not clean or polish; numismatic value is heavily tied to original surface conditions. Store in a PVC-free archival flip or capsule to prevent further scratching.
Similar Items
Napoleon III 'Laureated Head' 20 Francs (1861-1870), Swiss 20 Francs Vreneli, or the later French 'Marianne-Rooster' 20 Francs.
Interesting Facts
The 20 Francs Napoléon was so influential that it set the standard for the Latin Monetary Union, allowing coins from France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland to circulate interchangeably.